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What are the rules of war? And how do they apply to Israel's actions in Gaza?_我的网站

A |     Sophie 编译 在Pukaki湖附近，两辆汽车和一辆摩托车相撞，事故已造成4人死亡，2人受伤，警方正在寻找事故目击者。         这使得复活节长周末新西兰道路上发生了4起恶性交通事故，死亡人数达到7人，另有多人严重受伤。         Advertise with us          这是自2021年以来复活节假期死亡人数最多的一年，当时也有7人死亡。         官方定义的复活节假期是从上周四下午4点开始，到周二早上6点结束。         去年复活节期间，新西兰道路上只有1人死亡，2022年复活节期间有5人死于交通事故。                   SH8号公路发生撞车事故，4人死亡          周六，两辆汽车和一辆摩托车在Pukaki湖附近发生可怕的撞车事故，三人当场死亡，第四人在医院死亡。         这名昨天夜里死亡的人是事故发生后被送往医院的三人之一，伤势严重。         另有两人中度受伤。    Six days after a brutal attack by armed Hamas militants on Israeli civilians, Israel ordered an evacuation of more than 1 million Palestinians in northern Gaza ahead of what could be an unprecedented ground offensive there against Hamas."We are going to destroy Hamas infrastructures, Hamas headquarters, Hamas military," vowed Israeli Defense Minister Yoav Gallant as airstrikes were underway.The U.S. and other nations have repeatedly warned Israel to follow the "rules of war."But what are they? And will they prevent civilians from being hurt?Here's what to know about international humanitarian laws and how they might apply in the Israeli-Hamas conflict in Gaza.

Is Israel bound by the rules of war?

Yes.Israel has promised to abide by international humanitarian law including those under the Geneva Convention that seeks to minimize the impact on civilians, provide aid to the wounded on the battlefield, and not to mistreat prisoners of war.In general, the U.S. military and Israeli Defense Force also rely on similar rules of engagement in military operations.Israel insists it follows the rules of war and always has.But there is disagreement by international groups about exactly what qualifies as a violation in a country's quest to defend itself against terror attacks, as well as whether Israel could be prosecuted through the International Criminal Court -- an entity Israel doesn't recognize.Officials at the United Nations and European Union have accused Israel of already violating its promise not to harm civilians by cutting water and electricity to all of Gaza residents, including to hospitals. They also say it's impossible to ensure the safety of so many civilians by giving only 24 hours to evacuate to avoid the fighting.Palestinian health authorities estimate 1,799 civilians have been killed in Israeli airstrikes, including 583 children, following Hamas' attacks that have killed at least 1,300 Israelis.Ravina Shamdasani, spokesperson for the Office of the U.N. High Commissioner for Human rights, said Hamas' brutality doesn't "liberate" Israel from adhering to international humanitarian laws."It is absolutely crucial that Israeli leaders and global leaders make it unambiguously clear that international humanitarian law is an obligation. It is not optional, and that military operations must be conducted in full compliance with international law," she said.President Joe Biden said he delivered that message directly to Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu this week, later telling reporters "that it is really important that Israel, with all the anger and frustration … they operate by the rules of war.""And there are rules of war," Biden added.

How would the rules apply in this conflict? Would civilians be spared?

Avoiding harm to civilians though can fall into a gray area, particularly when it comes to a massive ground operation unfolding on a remarkably narrow strip of land. Gaza is among the most populated areas on Earth, roughly 7.5 miles at its widest and 25 miles long with some 2 million inhabitants.Eric Oehlerich, a retired Navy SEAL and ABC News contributor, said that even with sophisticated weaponry, such an operation would be extraordinarily difficult to carry out with no civilians harmed."There isn't a force in the world that can deal with 40,000 (enemy) soldiers interspersed with civilians in that densely populated area" and have "zero" civilian deaths, said Oehlerich."It's impossible," he added.One question will be what constitutes a valid military target, said Mick Mulroy, a former deputy assistant secretary of defense for the Middle East and retired CIA paramilitary operations officer.Israel says that Hamas -- which doesn't abide by humanitarian laws in its deliberate attack on civilians last week -- uses Palestinian civilians and hospitals as shields."If Hamas holds up in a building -- whether it's a hospital or mosque -- it becomes a valid military target," said Mulroy, also an ABC contributor. "That said, every reasonable step should be taken to eliminate or reduce civilian casualties (and) has to be done."

What does all this mean for hostages held by Hamas and US citizens inside Gaza?

Oehlerich, who has participated in military operations to free hostages, said getting those hostages out using military force will also be extraordinarily tough. That's because Hamas will likely have gone to great lengths to hide the hostages, including possibly rigging secret tunnels or even the hostages themselves with explosives.Oehlerich said success is more likely to come through backchannel negotiations with countries like Egypt and Qatar.Israeli officials say its special operations forces have been operating inside Gaza in past days trying to locate hostages. The US is also working the Red Cross and the UN to establish "safe zones" for foreign nationals to leave, including Americans located within Palestine, according to a senior State Department official.Beyond that, questions remain on how many innocent people will be hurt or killed inside Gaza. When asked by a reporter Friday what worries him most about the Israeli ground invasion, Biden had a one-word answer."Death," he said.ABC News' Shannon Crawford, William Gretsky and Mary Bruce contributed to this report.。         警方正在寻找事故目击者，事故发生在当天下午1点30分。         其中两名死者已被确认为在坎特伯雷大学学习的马来西亚学生。

B |          马来西亚总理Anwar Ibrahim昨天在Facebook上向两名学生的家属表示哀悼。

C |                    三辆车在马尔堡的SH6号公路上相撞          昨天下午在马尔堡Okaramio地区的SH6号公路上发生了一起三车相撞事故。         下午2点28分，紧急服务人员赶往Leslies Rd和Mt Riley Rd之间的事故现场。一人当场死亡，另外两人受了轻伤。                   罗托鲁瓦附近发生致命车祸          昨天上午，罗托鲁瓦南部发生车祸，造成一人死亡，另一人严重受伤，警方正在呼吁提供信息。         据悉，事故中受伤的人被送往罗托鲁瓦医院，情况严重。         昨天早上5点05分，紧急服务人员前往Whakarewarewa处理了这起在SH5号公路上发生的两车相撞事故。

D |                    摩托车手在与拖拉机相撞后死亡          周六早上，一名摩托车手在Matamata-Piako与一辆拖拉机相撞，后于当天晚上死亡。         紧急服务部门于上午10点40分接到了这起发生在Richmond Downs地区Piakonui Rd上的车祸报告。                   怀卡托发生一系列拖拉机撞车事故，警方呼吁谨慎行事          上周六短短两小时内，北岛中部道路上就有三辆汽车与拖拉机相撞，警方呼吁人们要更有耐心。         在Richmond Downs地区的Piakonui Rd上，一辆摩托车和一辆拖拉机相撞，导致摩托车手死亡。         10分钟前，在Te Kūiti附近的Oparure Rd，一辆汽车与一辆拖拉机相撞，两人严重受伤。         当天上午9点45分，一辆拖拉机在Matamata-Piako地区的Pond Rd和SH29号公路交叉口与一辆汽车相撞。         更多阅读：          注意！新西兰这2款食品紧急召回……          4月1日起，福利和税收变化将影响每一个新西兰人          注：本文为编译/原创，欢迎转发分享；但严禁复制等未经授权的非法使用。违反上述声明者，本网将追究其相关法律责任。使用授权请联系[email protected]。

E |          chineseherald.co.nz All Rights Reserved 版权所有          (责编：Sophie)          相关内容                奥克兰北岸寿司店命案，受害者系韩裔女店主           突发！北岸Browns Bay发生捅人事件！           照片公布！奥克兰K Rd标志性彩虹路面遭恶意破坏           奥克兰人要疯！公共交通还要涨价或削减服务，地税也可能更高！           一定会减税！政府发布首个预算政策声明           一到放假就下雨！这个长周末，天气不太美啊……           2023年下半年世界华文传媒新媒体影响力榜：新西兰中文先驱社媒全球Top 3！           新西兰国会系统遭中国黑客攻击？中使馆：已提出严正交涉。

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